About us

Pakistan’s Federal Ministry of Health established National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) in 1986-87. In its early stages, the programme focused on laboratory diagnosis of suspected HIV cases, but progressively it began to shift its focus towards HIV prevention and control interventions. The development of National Strategic Framework-one in 2001 provided strategic vision to the national response and government of Pakistan with support from World Bank launched an enhanced response in the form of Enhanced HIV and AIDS Control Programme (EHACP). Pakistan is a signatory to the MDGs; Goal 6 of which states that Pakistan will “Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS” by the year 2015.The primary objective of this programme is to seek such a halt and reversal. To contextualize the project seeks to contain the epidemic among the most at risk group where it has established and prevent it from establishing among the bridge groups and the general population. Presently NACP and its provincial counterparts (Provincial AIDS Control Programs in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, NWFP and AJK) are implementing the interventions throughout the country. The principal components of the EHACP are:

Following are the four major components of the enhanced programme:

Referral Lab > Lab Activities

The National HIV/STI Referral Laboratory was established in 2006, with funding provided by the UNFPA.

Technical support to the laboratory is to be provided by CIDA

The Laboratory aims to provide a comprehensive range of laboratory science services and expertise related to HIV.

Organizations that use these services include surveillance centres, hospital and blood-screening laboratories and HIV Treatment Centres.

The Laboratory has three Managers

• Dr Nadeem Ikram. Senior Manager Serology
• Dr Tasneem Shahid: Manager Quality Control
• Dr Nosheen Dar: Assistant Manager Molecular Biology

Animations & Illustrations

Stroke Center

A stroke is a potentially life-threatening event in which parts of the brain are deprived of oxygen. The most common type of stroke is an ischemic stroke, which involves a blockage of blood (usually in the form of a blood clot) that supplies oxygen to the brain. The other main type of stroke is a hemorrhagic stroke, which involves bleeding in or around the brain.

Добре дошли СПИН-Информация Швейцария

Тази homepage е създадена от лекари от дружеството”СПИН-информация Швейцария”. Целта на това дружество е да предостави на всички заинтересувани ясна и пълна информация относно HIV- инфекцията и СПИН, както и да се насочи нужното внимание към профилактиката.Посетете и нашата втора homepage www.hiv-net.org.

Training Programme on ‘Role of HRD in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDG)’

The SAARC Human Resource Development Centre (SHRDC) conducted a three-week long training course on “Role of HRD in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)” from 30 May-19 June 2005. The major objectives of the training course were to develop skills to help implementation of MDGs by assessing the level of progress in the SAARC member states; to focus on different ways for reaching national and regional targets including the role of human resource development in achieving MDGs; and to assess the technical feasibility and financial affordability in terms of individual and institutional capacities in the SAARC member countries. The course was attended by 22 participants from seven SAARC Member Countries.

Concept Paper on MDG

Working Program

The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating

Read the complete book The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating by becoming a questia.com member. Choose a membership plan to an academic-level library with more than 67,000 full-text books, 1.5 million articles, an entire reference set with a dictionary, encyclopedia, thesaurus plus a collection of digital tools to organize your information.

Reasons to use condoms

There are so many diff rent types of condoms available today; that it makes it that much more enjoyable and adds variety to having sex.

HIV and AIDS Statistics For 2008

[15 Dec 2008 | No Comment | ]

The United Nations AIDS division has released a report on the global AIDS epidemic for the year 2008. Every two years UNAIDS publishes a new “Report on the global AIDS epidemic”. In terms of data, this source can give you most of the HIV and AIDS statistics that are being measured including the estimated number of people living with HIV, adult prevalence and AIDS deaths by country and year since 1990. It is possible to see where strides have been made in the last 20 years, and also how the epidemic is changing.

Other Damage Caused By High Blood Pressure

The dangers of high blood pressure are not limited to heart diseases and stroke. High blood pressure can damage other organs and cause other problems, including:

· Kidneys - Almost one-third of all cases of kidney failure are caused by high blood pressure.
· Bones - High blood pressure causes more calcium to be excreted in the urine, leading to a loss of bone mineral density called osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women are especially affected and may be at greater risk for fractures and other problems.
· Legs and feet - In people with high blood pressure, impaired blood flow to the legs and feet may cause a condition called peripheral vascular disease. People with peripheral vascular disease often experience leg pain, numbness, loss of leg hair, open sores on the legs, feet, and toes, and difficulty walking.
· Eyes - High blood pressure may cause damage to blood vessels in the eyes, leading to a disease of the retina.
· The brain - In older people, high blood pressure may cause a loss of mental function and contribute to decreased short-term memory and attention, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia, although the reasons why are not clear.
· Sexual drive - High blood pressure is associated with sexual dysfunction in both women and men. In one study, women with high blood pressure experienced vaginal dryness and difficulty achieving sexual satisfaction. About 17 percent of men with high blood pressure experience some form of sexual dysfunction. Some medications used to treat hypertension can also impair sexual function.

High Blood Pressure And Stroke

High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for stroke. People with high blood pressure are up to ten times more likely than people with normal blood pressure to have a stroke.

Like the heart, the brain depends on a constant supply of oxygenated blood. A stroke occurs when the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients is cut off. This can happen when the arteries leading to the brain become blocked (ischemic stroke) or when the artery wall tears (hemorrhagic stroke).

This "brain attack" can cause permanent or temporary damage. If the stoppage and damage is temporary, it is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA).

High Blood Pressure And Your Heart

In people with high blood pressure, the heart has to work harder to keep up the increased pressure in the blood vessels. This puts a strain on the heart in the long term. It can affect the heart in a number of ways, including:
· Coronary heart disease, in which the arteries that feed the heart become narrow and clogged with fat and cholesterol deposits. People with coronary heart disease may experience angina, the chest pain or discomfort in the chest that happens when the heart doesn't receive enough oxygen, or a heart attack, in which part of the heart is deprived of oxygen and becomes damaged.
· Left ventricular hypertrophy, in which the wall of the major pumping chamber of the heart thickens as a result of the increased work by the heart. This can damage the normal functioning of the heart. People with left ventricular hypertrophy are at increased risk for stroke, heart attack, sudden death, and heart failure.
· Congestive heart failure, which occurs when the weakened heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Fluid may build up in the ankles, legs, lungs, and other tissues.

"cardiac output"

You might also hear the term "cardiac output" used to describe the amount of blood that's pumped through the body. Cardiac output is simply the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute:
Cardiac output = Heart rate x Stroke volume (amount of blood pumped with each beat)

As cardiac output increases, so does blood pressure. This is why heart rate and stroke volume are important ways for the body to control blood pressure.
How difficult it is for blood to travel around the body (peripheral resistance). The third major component that affects the blood pressure is the caliber or width of the arteries. Blood traveling in narrower vessels encounters more resistance than blood traveling through a wider vessel (its harder for water to pass through a narrow pipe than a wide pipe).
Depending on what a person is doing, the amount of blood the heart pumps varies enormously. Yet the blood pressure normally remains pretty stable. That's mainly because the body adjusts the resistance of the arteries, either widening or narrowing them as appropriate, to prevent the blood pressure from swinging wildly.

This ability to regulate the width of the blood vessels is called the peripheral resistance. Most of the resistance to blood flow in the circulation occurs in the small-diameter arteries called arterioles.
These arterioles are especially important in the immediate regulation of blood pressure. That's because they contain specialized smooth muscle in their walls that can relax or contract, allowing the blood vessel to get wider or narrower.

What Factors Affect Blood Pressure?

Blood pumped through blood vessels is always under pressure, much like water that is pumped through a garden hose. This pressure is highest in the arteries closest to the heart and gradually decreases as the blood travels around the body.
Blood keeps moving around the body because there are differences in pressure in the blood vessels. Blood flows from higher-pressure areas to lower-pressure areas until it eventually returns to the heart.

Hypertension is much strain on your heart

Need to Know:

Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Blood travels through blood vessels much like water through a garden hose. The blood in the vessels is under pressure just like the water in a hose when the tap is turned on.

With each heartbeat more blood is pumped into the vessels - like turning up the tap - so the pressure rises. This is the systolic blood pressure, the first number in the blood pressure measurement, which is normally around 120.
Between heartbeats, while the heart is resting, the pressure in the arteries is lower. This is the diastolic pressure, second number in the blood pressure measurement, which is normally around 80.

High Blood Pressure; Hypertension

What is High Blood Pressure?

When you have your blood pressure taken, your health care provider is measuring the pressure, or tension, that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels as it travels around the body. In a healthy person, this pressure is just enough for the blood to reach all the cells of the body, but not so much that it strains blood vessel walls.


Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
· A typical normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, or "120 over 80."
· The first number represents the pressure when the heart contracts.
· The second number represents the pressure when the heart relaxes.
· Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg is considered high.

Generally, blood pressure will go up at certain times - for instance, if you smoke a cigarette, win the lottery, or witness a car crash - and will return to normal when the stressful or exciting event has passed.
But when blood pressure is high all the time, the continuous increased force on blood vessel walls can damage blood vessels and organs, including the heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain.

The medical term for high blood pressure is hypertension.

NOT AGINE USE

The MTCT-Plus Initiative: Reaching Individuals with Early HIV Disease through Family

BACKGROUND: Providing HIV treatment in less developed countries is a global priority. Most programs focus exclusively on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and on patients with advanced HIV disease. In contrast, the MTCT-Plus Initiative has established comprehensive family-centered HIV programs in less developed countries.

METHODS: In 8 African countries and in Thailand, 11 programs were established. HIV-infected women were identified by programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission; they, their children, and their partners were invited to enroll in MTCT-Plus. Programs provide HIV care (including ART), lab tests (CD4 count, infant diagnosis), medication procurement, and adherence/prevention/psychosocial support. Adult eligibility for ART includes: WHO stage IV; CD4 <200; or WHO stage II/III with CD4 <350 cells/mm3. Demographic, clinica, and laboratory data are collected with standardized forms. Adherence is assessed via self-report.

RESULTS: We enrolled 1088 individuals between February and August 2003, including 765 adults (75% women, 25% partners/others) and 323 children (88% of last pregnancy); 42% of women were enrolled during pregnancy and 56% postpartum. Adults had baseline median CD4+ cell count of 296 cells/mm3 (range 1 to 1741) and were: 63% WHO stage I, 19% stage II, 15% stage III, and 3% stage IV; 6% had prior TB. Among 323 children enrolled, 53(16%) had confirmed HIV and 84% were of indeterminate status. Of 53 children with confirmed HIV, 32% were of most recent pregnancy. Based on MTCT-Plus ART eligibility criteria, 41% adults were eligible for ART while only 30% would have been eligible by WHO criteria. Mean follow-up at the time of this report is 3.2 months. At follow-up, 29% of adults and 57% of HIV-infected children were on ART; 92% of adults on ART reported adherence with all their doses at their last assessment; 29% of adults were on cotrimoxazole; and 20% on isoniazid preventive therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: MTCT-Plus has successfully enrolled women identified through pMTCT programs with their families in preventive, supportive, and therapeutic services including ART. Patients are at earlier HIV disease stages than in other programs and more patients are ART eligible using MTCT-Plus criteria.
By committing to long-term family-based care, early identification of medical and psychosocial needs, and providing ongoing preventive, supportive, and therapeutic services (including ART), the MTCT-Plus Initiative provides a unique model for expanding access to HIV care in less developed countries.

The MTCT-Plus Initiative: Reaching Individuals with Early HIV Disease through Family-focused HIV Care and Treatment in Less Developed Countries.

El-Sadr WM, Rabkin M, Abrams EJ, Day J, Hardy T, Myer L, Rosenfield A.
11th Conf Retrovir Opportunistic Infect Febr 8 11 2004 San Franc CA Conf Retrovir Opportunistic Infect 11th 2004 San Franc Calif. 2004 Feb 8-11; 11: abstract no. 893.
Harlem Hosp., New York, NY, USA

Breast-feeding benefits seen in HIV-infected women

WASHINGTON, March 29 (Reuters) - African women infected with the AIDS virus cut the risk of transmitting it to their babies when they fed them exclusively breast milk and not also formula, animal milk or solid food, a study found on Thursday.

Researchers in South Africa, writing in the Lancet medical journal, tracked 1,372 HIV-infected women and found a 4 percent risk of postnatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus to babies fed only breast milk for six months after birth.

The infants who were breast-fed but also given baby formula or animal milk were almost twice as likely to get the virus from the mother as those consuming breast milk alone, the study found. Babies fed solid foods in addition to breast milk were nearly 11 times more likely to become infected, it found.

The researchers cited a biological reason that might explain the findings. They said the mucous membrane within the intestines may serve as a barrier to HIV infection, and that breast milk could reinforce and protect that lining.

The study also found that the death rate by 3 months of age for babies who were exclusively breast-fed was less than half that of infants who received infant formula alone.

Fifteen percent of babies whose HIV-infected mothers did not breast-feed them died by age 3 months, compared with 6 percent of the babies whose mothers fed them exclusively through breast-feeding, the study found.

The study indicated that for women in impoverished areas where AIDS is most prevalent, the health benefits of breast milk appeared to outweigh the risk of passing on HIV through breast-feeding.

PROS AND CONS

Experts say breast milk provides nutrients an infant needs for the first months of life as well as antibodies that can protect against bacterial and viral infections.

But the breast milk of HIV-infected women may contain the virus and risk infecting the child. Thus, under ideal conditions, experts believe HIV-infected women should not breast-feed babies. But in sub-Saharan Africa, the epicenter of the AIDS epidemic, conditions often are not ideal.

Since infant formula is mixed with water before being given to the baby, woman living in communities with impure water and poor sanitary conditions risk exposing babies to waterborne illnesses that can cause life-threatening diarrhea or other ailments.

The study was led by Dr. Hoosen Coovadia and Dr. Nigel Rollins of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Rollins said an estimated 150,000 to 350,000 babies were infected with HIV by their mothers through breast milk annually. The study's findings suggest that if infected women living in impoverished areas exclusively breast-fed their babies, somewhere around 50,000 to 100,000 lives could be saved annually, Rollins said.

"For the health and well-being of her child, exclusive breast-feeding is more than likely going to protect the child both from transmission and the other risks to her child's survival," Rollins said in a telephone interview.

Psychological factors

Psychological Factors HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS has a particularly complex psychological dimension:sex, death, and difference.The epidemic has done severe psychological as well as physical harm, causinganxiety and depression among people infected and at risk.The first step to combat psychological problems around HIV infection is to recognize your anxiety or depression.Talking with others who are also worried about HIV infection has helped many people.Actively working with HIV/AIDS non political and service organizations to fight the epidemic can reduce feelings of powerlessness and isolation.

Psychological symptoms around the topic of AIDS include:

· Persistent sadness or hopelessness

· Intense nervousness or irritability

· Anxiety attacks or panic attacks

· Obsessive preoccupation with illness or physical symptoms

· Increased use of drugs, including alcohol

· Prolonged insomnia

· Inability to concentrate, feelings of being ,,slowed down,, loss of energy

· Inability to function at work or at home

· Inability to enjoy social or sexual life

· Avoiding necessary medical care

· Thoughts of suicide

If you are suffering any persistent combination of these symptoms, seek psychological counseling.Learning the facts about HIV infection and practicing risk reduction may reduce your anxiety.If your psychologival symptoms persist, consider the possibility that they may be the result of other emotional conflicts.

Author: Shahid waheed - 06/15/2009
Updated: webmaster HIV info Iceland - 11/28/2009

Celia "Career Denialist" Farber

Celia Farber claims to be an investigative *ahem* journalist. Really she is nothing more than a person who gets paid for spreading HIV denialist propaganda. Every cause has their mouthpiece. Celia Farber is an expert. Not in HIV or AIDS. No Celia is an expert in very publicly stitching herself up! The following extracts from an interview are taken from bookslut all comments in bold are my own observations:

BS:You are constantly described as an AIDS dissident that does not believe HIV causes AIDS -- but nowhere in your book is this explicitly stated. So how would you describe your views?

CF: Thank you for noticing that critical detail. I have never written that HIV does not cause AIDS. I don’t think I’ve ever said that HIV does not cause AIDS. I took one semester of journalism in college. Thanks Celia. Good to see that you spent a hell of a lot of time earning the title of journalist!!!

CF: It is not for me to say as a journalist -- as a nonscientist -- what causes or doesn’t cause AIDS. Great Celia. You are off to a blinding start. Not only do you admit to having no substantial education as a journalist but you make it perfectly clear that you are not a scientist...

BS:Do you wish you had taken a different approach reporting? Is there anything you would have done differently?

CF:My quick answer is usually yes, of course. But it’s unanswerable… What I wish I had done differently, in retrospect, was to calculate the damage and the blight, both on myself and on my family and ask myself, “Is it fair to do to others?” Because what you actually do is you invite financial ruin. The damage and the blight Celia? Oh poor you and your poor family! How many of your denialist chums have died? How many people who have listened to your warped rhetoric are now dead because they did not access the treatments that could have prolonged their life? That is the damage and that is the blight Celia. NOT the fact that you did not earn more money. But I think that is more to do with just the one semester at journalist school than anything else...

BS:As a non-gay male AIDS reporter and Westerner investigating Africa, did you have to deal with identity politics?

CF: I never got that kind of guff from any Africans, [but] certainly from the gay community. Those that were opposed to what I was doing -- that was one of the charges: that I wasn’t gay and how the hell could I know what I was doing and what right did I have to say anything? But that’s inconsistent with the core belief system, which is that AIDS is everybody’s disease... Yes darling but you started spouting your denialist crap in 1988. Do you also have selective amnesia? Of course the Gay community were going to take exception to your denialist crap because Gay men were bearing the brunt of the numbers of deaths and the social stigma. The last thing they would have wanted when they were dying would be for someone like you to add more bulshit to the fire...

I would go to AIDS conferences and go through an immense crisis each time, “Am I crazy or are they crazy?” Answers on a postcard...

BS: Do you think The Constant Gardner was able to voice political dissent as it is shielded as fiction?

CF:I would caution people against assuming that John le Carre is writing fiction. Let me make a generality: fiction writers today like John le Carre are doing journalism, and the journalists are writing fiction. Thanks again Celia.... i didn't need to read this interview with you to know that you talk a pile of stinking shit! But thanks for the clarification!

I do wish that I could crawl away, quietly and turn up on some completely other part of the beach. So do we Celia, so do we... and take your denialist chums with you...

Celia worked as a researcher on the BBC documentry "Guinea Pig Kids" This is what the BBC had to say about the programme in question:

ECU ruling: Guinea Pig Kids, BBC2, 30 November 2004 and related websites
www.bbc.co.uk/complaints/news/2007/11/30/51154.shtml

Thai AIDS Victim

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Thai soldiers learn about AIDS by grim example as they view a victim's body at a hospice run by a Buddhist monastery. Every 24 hours 8,000 people die of AIDS.

The government has blood on its hands

The government has blood on its hands. One AIDS death every half hour.

Aids & HIV = death

Suprematism

These potato-sack dresses that people are wearing: thumbs up. These look good. Some of them are kitschy and vintage, and we all agree that those are wrong. But even the future-bebop stuff is better than the dread bohemian clothing and, god, above all, those horrible, blocky, wooden beads. Correct me if I'm wrong, but any woman can wear these potato sacks, right? They obscure the figure, so there's no issue there, leaving only concerns about color and design and style.

Now, back to playing tackle football using broken glass for cleats.

Meet Ze Monstras

To this debate between Jonah Goldberg and Henry Farrell, about whether culture is properly considered when evaluating the merits of European welfare states, I'm compelled to introduce a piece of evidence. (Let me catch you up: Goldberg says that France's healthcare system is too teat-suckingly Frrrrrrránch to work on Americans, what with their Protestant ethic and tradition of self reliance. Farrell says this is stupid: a deeply unserious encomium to fixed national values, which are subject to disagreement and rapid change and, in any case, shouldn't be the markers of our destiny. Goldberg clarifies that he alone among the left and right is assigning culture the non-zero significance it should hold in health care policy decisions. Farrell says this is stoopid: a "two-step of terrific triviality".)

Below the cut, then, is an (arguably NSFW) ad from France that someone e-mailed to me:

As far as I can tell, it's legit—a print ad campaign by Aides (a French nonprofit, founded by Daniel Defert after Michel Foucault's death, that promotes awareness and good health). If at all possible, I'd rather not pay tax dollars toward these.

Okay, fine, so this campaign is neither here nor there w/r/t the blogospheric health care debate. But it does really drive home the values divide between colonies and continent when it comes to health, and in particular sexual health.

Assuming it's legit, it's something that, I imagine, wouldn't pass without comment even in gay old Europe. Tres risqué. But not even were real-life, person-sized, sex-hungry insectoids prowling ur MySpaces would you find this warning posted on a Big State campus kiosk. It's not the squicky image that makes the campaign so outrageous—well, not that entirely, or rather not the first-order squickiness of the image.

Bathing the character of good health in white (white skin, white linens, white furniture: white light, white heat)—while painting the sexual predator as darkest ebony—plays on a well-worn, white=good, black=evilbadevil metaphor system. Notwithstanding 300, Katrina news coverage, Imus in the morning, etc., this is a visual that doesn't play in America. At least, not without criticism. Especially when the topic is AIDS, it shouldn't have any purchase: In the States, nearly half of all HIV-infected people are black, 2 percent of African Americans have HIV—the horrifying statistics go on. Phil Wilson, founder of the Black AIDS Institute, says correctly, "AIDS is a black disease, full stock, through all lenses."

In France, however, integration is an enormous social problem, and this ad speaks to a characteristic myopia that traditionalists have on the subject of race. It also reveals a society that's perhaps unclear about HIV/AIDS squares with people. (Not to mention how the virus is transmitted.) Perhaps the less-alarming incidence rates in France makes for a disease that is ultimately more frightening—hence, monsters run amok with a venomous, sexually transmitted disease, rather than people living with a chronic, sexually transmitted infection.

The good things you can say about the ad, however, are the things disqualify it from the American public square. Kudos to the French for showing both a man and a woman enjoying sex. These look like hetero pairings, but hey, I'm no entomologist—there's room for straight and gay alike to be squicked out. However they're doing it, one thing's certain: These people are enjoying sex. Say what you will about arachnids, but spider is clearly getting the job done. And our totally hott monsieur appears to be enjoying some GGG, dangerous, kinky action. Also: man butt! This ad's right out. Stateside, sex and AIDS are fairly graphically divorced. A stars-and-stripes AIDS campaign would encourage you to abstain from fucking bugs until you're married.

Is there a trans-Atlantic message to take away: a message that bridges cultures? Don't fuck bugs? Kids et gosses: Ne baisez pas les bogues. Au moins, pas sans préservatif.

Camera Works Gallery

• In the Heart of the Epidemic In Malawi, 16 percent of the people are HIV positive.
• AIDS in Africa AIDS has killed millions of Africans and threatens to kill tens of millions more.

ARTICLE

Causes of Death among Persons with AIDS in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: New York City

Judith E. Sackoff, PhD; David B. Hanna, MS; Melissa R. Pfeiffer, MPH; and Lucia V. Torian, PhD

19 September 2006 | Volume 145 Issue 6 | Pages 397-406

Background: Monitoring the full spectrum of causes of death among persons with AIDS is increasingly important as survival improves because of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To describe recent trends in deaths due to HIV-related and non–HIV-related causes among persons with AIDS, identify factors associated with these deaths, and identify leading causes of non–HIV-related deaths.

Design: Population-based cohort analysis.

Setting: New York City.

Patients: All adults (age 13 years) living with AIDS between 1999 and 2004 who were reported to the New York City HIV/AIDS Reporting System and Vital Statistics Registry through 2004 (n = 68 669).

Measurements: Underlying cause of death on the death certificate.

Results: Between 1999 and 2004, the percentage of deaths due to non–HIV-related causes increased by 32.8% (from 19.8% to 26.3%; P = 0.015). The age-adjusted mortality rate decreased by 49.6 deaths per 10 000 persons with AIDS (P < 0.001) annually for HIV-related causes but only by 7.5 deaths per 10 000 persons with AIDS (P = 0.004) annually for non–HIV-related causes. Of deaths due to non–HIV-related causes, 76% could be attributed to substance abuse, cardiovascular disease, or a non–AIDS-defining type of cancer. Compared with men who have sex with men, injection drug users had a statistically significantly increased risk for death due to HIV-related causes (hazard ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.49 to 1.70]) and non–HIV-related causes (hazard ratio, 2.54 [CI, 2.24 to 2.87]).

Limitations: Compared with autopsy and chart review, death certificates may lack specificity in the underlying cause of death or detailed clinical and treatment-related information

Global HIV/AIDS estimates, end of 2007

The latest statistics on the world epidemic of AIDS & HIV were published by UNAIDS/WHO in July 2008, and refer to the end of 2007.

	Estimate	Range
People living with HIV/AIDS in 2007	33.0 million	30.3-36.1 million
Adults living with HIV/AIDS in 2007	30.8 million	28.2-34.0 million
Women living with HIV/AIDS in 2007	15.5 million	14.2-16.9 million
Children living with HIV/AIDS in 2007	2.0 million	1.9-2.3 million
People newly infected with HIV in 2007	2.7 million	2.2-3.2 million
Children newly infected with HIV in 2007	0.37 million	0.33-0.41 million
AIDS deaths in 2007	2.0 million	1.8-2.3 million
Child AIDS deaths in 2007	0.27 million	0.25-0.29 million

More than 25 million people have died of AIDS since 1981.

Africa has 11.6 million AIDS orphans.

At the end of 2007, women accounted for 50% of all adults living with HIV worldwide, and for 59% in sub-Saharan Africa.

Young people (under 25 years old) account for half of all new HIV infections worldwide.

In developing and transitional countries, 9.7 million people are in immediate need of life-saving AIDS drugs; of these, only 2.99 million (31%) are receiving the drugs.

Global trends

The number of people living with HIV has risen from around 8 million in 1990 to 33 million today, and is still growing. Around 67% of people living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa.

How AIDS changed us

Wyatt Buchanan, Chronicle Staff Writer

Even after the devastating wave of death from AIDS subsided in San Francisco's gay community, powerful effects of AIDS still impact men here.

Millions of dollars poured into research and prevention efforts have reduced the number of diagnoses and deaths in the United States over the years. But that success hasn't touched African Americans, many of whom have remained reluctant to acknowledge the disease's impact in their community.
Story | Photos

Row over 'Aids' death certificate

More than 10% of South Africans - some 5.5 million people - have HIV

A South African doctor should face a charge of unprofessional conduct for naming Aids on a death certificate against family wishes, officials say.

A complaint was filed with the national health watchdog against Dr Leon Wagner after the woman died in April 2005.

Dr Wagner has not yet entered a plea, saying it is unclear what rule he has broken. The hearing has been adjourned.

A BBC correspondent says the stigma attached to Aids means doctors do not commonly list it as the cause of death.

Deaths are attributed on death certificates to related diseases, such as tuberculosis or pneumonia, rather than Aids, the BBC's Peter Biles in Johannesburg says.

The charge of unprofessional conduct has sparked debate in South Africa about the extent to which Aids-related deaths are covered up, he says.

South Africa, where 5.5 million people are living with HIV, is one of several countries where the HIV epidemic is continuing to worsen, according to a UNAids report released this week.

Legal Issues: Abortion System Before Courts

Legal Issues: Abortion System Before Courts

The Abortion Law Reform Association today called on Members of Parliament to publicly support the Abortion Supervisory Committee in its court battle this week against the anti-abortion group Right to Life. More >>

ALSO:

• SPCS - Attempt by ALRANZ to Influence The Court of Appeal
• Womens National Abortion Action Campaign - WONAAC Asks Anti-Abortion Group to Reveal Funding
• SPCS - Wonaac’s Smear Tactics Against Pro-life Group
• Sarah Robson/Salient - The conservative liberalism of NZ's abortion law

HIV infections in gay 'bareback' shoots

Monday, 29 October 2007, 11:55 am
Press Release: Society For Promotion Of Community Standards Inc.

The Society for Promotion of Community Standards Inc.

P.O. Box 13-683 Johnsonville

Media Release 29/10/07

HIV infections in gay 'bareback' shoots

The Society for Promotion of Community Standards Inc.

P.O. Box 13-683 Johnsonville

Media Release 29/10/07

HIV infections in gay 'bareback' shoots

The Power of Hope

The Power of Hope
Publisher: Yale University Press | ISBN: 0300076320 | edition 1998 | CHM | 314 pages | 1,04 mb

In this book an eminent physician explores how patients and caring doctors can help lessen suffering when illness occurs. Dr. Howard Spiro urges that physicians focus on their patients' feelings of pain and anxiety as well as on physical symptoms. He also suggests that patients and their doctors be receptive to the emotional relief that may be obtained from nature and from hope. Drawing on his previous highly praised work on the doctor-patient relationship and the problem of pain, Dr. Spiro tells how people can be helped by a combination of alternative medicine and mainstream medicine - a treatment of mind, body, and spirit that energizes patients, strengthens their expectations, and starts them on the road to feeling better. In various forms of alternative medicine, from meditation to massage, from faith healing to folk medicine, from herbology to homeopathy, practitioners heed patients' complaints and help them to help themselves.

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